CODE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
INDEX
PRELIMINARY TITLE
FIRST BOOK: RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS
Chapter I Civil Rights (Article 1 to 13)
Chapter II Rights and Economic, Social and Cultural rights (Article 14 to 22)
Chapter III Rights of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities (Article 23)
Chapter IV Rights of Children and Adolescents (Article 24)
Chapter V Guarantees (Article 25 and 26)
SECOND BOOK: NATIONAL SYSTEM OF INTEGRAL ATTENTION TO THE CHILD AND THE ADOLESCENT
Chapter I System and National Governing Body (Article 27 to 31)
Chapter II Policy and Programs of Comprehensive Care of the Child and the Adolescent (Article 32 to 41)
Chapter III Ombudsman for children and adolescents (Article 42 to 47)
Chapter IV Regime for the Teen Worker (Article 48 to 68)
Chapter V Violations and Penalties (Article 69 to 73)
BOOK THREE: FAMILY INSTITUTIONS
TITLE I OF THE FAMILY AND THE ADULTS RESPONSIBLE FOR CHILDREN AND TEENS
Chapter I Parental Authority (Article 74 to 80)
Chapter II Possession of the Child and Adolescent (Article 81 to 87)
Chapter III Visitation (Article 88 to 91)
Chapter IV Food (Article 92 to 97)
Chapter V Guardianship and Family Council (Article 98 to 103)
Chapter VI Family Placement (Article 104 to 108)
Chapter VII a License to Dispose of or Encumber Property (Article 109 to 110)
Chapter VIII Authorisations (Article 111 and 112)
Chapter IX Marriage of Adolescents (Article 113 (114)
TITLE II ADOPTION
Chapter I General Provisions (Article 115 to 118)
Chapter II Owner of the Process (Article 119 to 120)
Chapter III Program of Adoption (Article 121 to 126)
Chapter IV Administrative Procedure of Adoption (Article 127)
Chapter V Legal Process of Adoption (Article 128)
Chapter VI Special Provisions for International Adoptions (Article 129, 130)
Chapter VII Stage Postadoptiva (Article 131 to 135)
BOOK THE FOURTH: ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE SPECIALIZING IN CHILD AND ADOLESCENT
TITLE I JURISDICTION AND COMPETENCE
Chapter I Family Judge (Article 136 to 137)
Chapter II Fiscal of the Family (Article 138, 145)
Chapter III defense Counsel (Article 146 to 148)
Chapter IV subsidiary Bodies (Article 149 to 159)
TITLE II ACTIVITY PROCEDURE
Chapter I Matters of Contents Civil (Article 160 to 163)
Chapter II Single Process (Article 164 to 182)
Chapter III Teenager Violator of the Criminal Law (Articles 183 to 192)
Chapter IV Gangs Pernicious (Article 193 to 199)
Chapter V Investigation and Prosecution (Article 200 to 222)
Chapter VI Remission of the Process (Article 223 to 228)
Chapter VII Measures and Socio-Educational (Article 229 to 241)
Chapter VIII Protection Measures to the Child who commits a Violation of the Criminal Law (Article 242) Chapter IX Measures of Protection for the Child and Adolescent in Alleged State of Abandonment (Article 243 to 247)
Chapter X Judicial Declaration of a State of Abandonment (Article 248 to 252)
PRELIMINARY TITLE
Article I. - Definition
It is considered child in every human being from conception until the age of about twelve years of age and adolescents from twelve to eighteen years of age.
The State protects the designed for all that he favors. If there is doubt about the age of a person, be deemed to be a child or a teenager until proven otherwise.
Article II.- The subject of rights
The child and adolescent, are subject to the rights, freedoms and the specific protection. Should comply with the obligations established in this standard.
Article III.- Equal opportunities
For the interpretation and enforcement of this Code shall be considered equal opportunities and non-discrimination which has the right of every child and adolescent without distinction of sex.
Article IV Preliminary Title.- Capacity
In addition to the rights inherent to the human person, the child and adolescent have the specific rights related to your development process. They have a special ability to the realization of the civil acts authorized by this code and other laws.
The Law sets out the circumstances in which the exercise of these acts requires a regime of care and determines responsibilities.
In case of infringement of the penal law, the child and the adolescent less than fourteen (14) years shall be subject to measures of protection and the older teen of fourteen (14) years of measures and socio-educational.
Article V. - Scope of application-general
This Code is applicable to all children and adolescents of the peruvian territory, without any distinction on grounds of race, colour, sex, language, religion, political opinion, nationality, social origin, economic position, ethnicity, physical or mental disability, or any other condition, whether your own or that of their parents or guardians.
Article VI.- Extension of the scope of application.-
This Code recognizes that the duty of care to the child and the adolescent extends to the mother and to the family of the same.
Article VII.- Sources
In the interpretation and application of this Code shall take into account the principles and provisions of the Political Constitution of Peru, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and other international agreements ratified by Peru. Everything related to children and adolescents, the family institutions are governed by the provisions of this Code and the Civil Code in which they may apply.
The rules of the Civil Code, Criminal Code, Code of Civil Procedure and Code of Criminal Procedure shall apply when applicable, on a supplementary basis of the present Code. When children or adolescents belonging to ethnic groups or communities native or indigenous, it will be observed, in addition to this Code and the legislation in force, their customs, provided they are not contrary to the rules of public order.
Article VIII.- Compulsory execution
It is the duty of the State, the family, public and private institutions and community-based organizations, to promote the correct application of the principles, rights and rules established in this Code and in the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Article IX.- Best interest of the child and adolescent
In any action concerning the child and the adolescent adopted by the State through the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial, of the Public Ministry, the Regional governments, Local Governments, and other institutions, as well as in the action of the society, shall be deemed to be the Principle of the best Interests of the Child and of the Adolescent and the respect of their rights.
Article X. - Process as a human problem
The State guarantees a system of administration of justice specialized for children and adolescents. Cases subject to judicial or administrative that involved children or adolescents will be treated as human problems.
BOOK FIRST
RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS
CHAPTER I: CIVIL RIGHTS
Article 1.- To life and physical integrity
The child and adolescent have the right to life from the moment of conception.
This Code ensures the life of the unborn child, protecting it from experiments or genetic manipulations are contrary to their integrity and their physical or mental development.
Article 2.- To its attention by the State since its conception
It is the responsibility of the State to promote the establishment of appropriate conditions for the care of the mother during pregnancy, childbirth and the phase postnatal. The State will grant specialized care to the adolescent mother, and promote breast-feeding and the establishment of day care centers. The company will give effect to such warranties.
Article 3.- To live in a healthy environment
The child and adolescent have the right to live in a healthy and ecologically balanced.
Article 3-A. - Right to good treatment
Children, girls and adolescents, without exception, have the right to good treatment, which involves receiving care, affection, protection, socialization, and education non-violent, in a harmonious environment, solidarity and affective, which gives you comprehensive protection, either by their parents, guardians, managers or legal representatives, as well as their educators, administrative authorities, public or private, or to any other person.
The right to good treatment is reciprocal between the children, and adolescents.
Article 4.- Your personal integrity
The child and adolescent have the right to respect for his moral integrity, physical and mental, and his free development and well-being. May not be subjected to torture or to cruel or degrading treatment.
Are considered extreme forms that affect their personal integrity, forced labour and economic exploitation, as well as forced recruitment, prostitution, trafficking, sale and trafficking of children and adolescents, and all other forms of exploitation.
Article 5.- Freedom
The child and adolescent has the right to freedom. No child or teen should be detained or deprived of their freedom. Excluding the cases of detention by court order or a flagrant violation of the criminal law.
Article 6.- To the identity
6.1 The child and adolescent have the right to the identity, which includes the right to a name, to acquire a nationality and, as far as possible, to know his parents and take his surname. They have also the right to the full development of his personality.
6.2 It is the obligation of the State to preserve the registration and identity of children and adolescents, sanctioning those responsible for this alteration, substitution or unlawful deprivation, in accordance with the Criminal Code.
6.3 In the event of such alteration, substitution or deprivation, the State will re-establish the true identity by using the most appropriate mechanisms.
6.4 When a child or adolescent is involved as authors, participants or witnesses of a breach, failure or crime or are victims of the same, it is not published its identity and its image through the media. The prohibition extends to the father, mother, legal guardian, or to the people who live with him/her. The media have the obligation to guarantee the confidentiality of the personal data and any information that allows to identify them, except that, in the case of girls, children and adolescents, there is a written authorization from a parent or legal guardian, and provided that you do not threaten your best interests.
Article 7.- Registration
The children are registered in the Registry of the Civil State by his father, mother, or person responsible for your care, immediately after his birth. Not to do so within thirty days, it shall proceed in accordance with the requirements of Title VI of the Organic Law of the National Registry of Identification and Civil Status.
In the certificate of live birth shall contain the fingerprint of the mother and the identification pelmatoscópica of the newborn, in addition to the data that corresponds to the nature of the document.
The unit in charge of the registry shall extend, under the responsibility and free-of-charge, the first proof of birth within a period not to exceed twenty-four hours from the time of your registration.
Article 8.- To live in a family
The child and adolescent have the right to live, grow and develop in the bosom of his family.
The child and the teenager who lack natural family have the right to grow up in a family environment suitable.
The child and the adolescent may not be separated from his family, but due to special circumstances defined in the law, and with the sole purpose of protecting them.
Parents must ensure that their children receive the care necessary for their proper development.
Article 9.- To freedom of opinion
The child and the adolescent who are capable of forming their own judgments shall have the right to express those views freely in all matters affecting them, and by the means they choose, including conscientious objection, and which takes into account their views in accordance with their age and maturity.
Article 10.- Freedom of expression
The child and adolescent has the right to freedom of expression in its various manifestations.
The exercise of this right shall be subject to the restrictions determined by law.
Article 11.- To freedom of thought, conscience and religion
The child and adolescent has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
You will respect the right of parents, or of its authorities, guide the child and the adolescent in the exercise of this right in accordance with their age and maturity.
Article 12.- The free transit
The child and adolescent have the right to freedom of movement, restrictions and authorizations that are listed in the Third Book of this Code.
Article 13.- Partner
The child and adolescent has the right to freedom of association for lawful purposes and to assemble peacefully.
Only teens may be legal persons of membership-based nonprofit organization. The children will be able to adhere to these associations.
The civil capacity, especially of the teenagers that make up these legal persons are only allowed to the performance of acts related strictly to the purposes of the same, provided they do not imply the disposal of assets.
These associations are recognized by Local Governments and may enroll in the Public Records, for the sole merit of the City Resolution of recognition.
CHAPTER II: ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL
Article 14.- The education, culture, sport and recreation
The child and adolescent have the right to education. The State guarantees free public education for those who have financial limitations. No child or teen should be discriminated against in school, by disability or by reason of the marital status of their parents. The child or adolescent, pregnant or a mother, should not be prevented from instituting or continuing their studies.
The education authority will adopt the measures necessary to prevent any form of discrimination.
Article 15.- Basic education
The State guarantees that the basic education comprising:
(a) The development of the personality, talents and mental and physical abilities of the child and adolescent, to their fullest potential;
(b) The respect of human rights and fundamental freedoms;
c) The promotion and dissemination of the rights of children and adolescents;
d) Respect to parents, to their own cultural identity, language, national values and the values of the peoples and cultures different from one's own;
(e) The preparation for a responsible life in a free society, in the spirit of solidarity, understanding, peace, tolerance, equality of sexes, and friendship among peoples and ethnic groups, national and religious;
f) The training in the democratic spirit and the responsible exercise of rights and obligations;
g) Sexual orientation, and family planning;
h) The development of a thought, autonomous, critical and creative;
(i) The training of the child and the teenager for productive work and for the management of scientific and technical knowledge; and
j) Respect the natural environment.
Article 16.- To be respected by their teachers
The child and adolescent have the right to be respected by their teachers and to challenge their assessment criteria concerning, and may resort to higher instances if necessary.
Article 17.- To be enrolled in the regular system of education
The parents or guardians have the obligation to enroll their children or those who are under his care in the regular system of education.
Article 18.- The protection by the Directors of the schools
The Directors of the schools shall communicate to the competent authority in cases of:
(a) Physical abuse, psychological harassment, sexual violence and abuse in tort for students;
(b) Repeated repetition and school dropout;
c) Repeated unexcused absences;
d) Consumption of toxic substances;
(e) Homelessness and other cases involving violation of the rights of the child and adolescent;
f) School performance of children and adolescents; and
g) Other acts harmful.
Article 19.- Modalities and schedules for the job
The State guarantees modalities and schedules special school for children and adolescents who work regularly attend their schools.
The Directors of the schools will care so that the work will not affect your attendance and school performance and shall regularly report to the competent authority about the performance level of the student workers.
Article 20.- To participate in cultural programs, sports and recreational
The State will encourage and facilitate the application of resources and physical spaces for the implementation of programs of cultural, sports and recreation, aimed at children and adolescents.
The municipalities will direct the resources and will run programs with the collaboration and competition of the civil society and social organizations.
Article 21.- The comprehensive health care
The child and adolescent have the right to comprehensive care of your health, through the implementation of policies that allow their physical and intellectual development under appropriate conditions.
When they are sick, with physical or mental limitations, visually, or in the case of dependents of toxic substances, will receive treatment and rehabilitation that allows for their participation in the community according to their capabilities.
Corresponds to the State, with the collaboration and competition of the civil society, develop the necessary programs to reduce child mortality and prevent diseases; to educate the family in the practices of hygiene and sanitation; and to combat malnutrition, making it a priority in these programs, the child and the adolescent in especially difficult circumstances and to the teenager's mother during the gestation and lactation periods.
Article 22.- Right-to-work teen
The teen who works shall be protected in a special way by the State. The State recognizes the right of adolescents to work, with the restrictions imposed by this Code, provided that there is not economic exploitation, and your work activity does not amount to risk, or hazard, affecting their education or be harmful to their health or to their physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social.
CHAPTER III: RIGHTS OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH DISABILITIES
Article 23.- Rights of children and adolescents with disabilities
In addition to the rights enshrined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child and in this Code, the children and adolescents with disabilities enjoy and exercise the rights inherent to their own condition.
The State, preferably through the Ministries included in the National Council of persons with Disabilities, and the company shall ensure equal opportunities for access to conditions appropriate to your situation with materials and tailored services, such as health care, education, sport, culture, and job training. Also, it ensures the full development of their personality to the maximum of their potential, as well as the enjoyment of a full and decent life, facilitating their active participation, equality and opportunity in the community.
CHAPTER IV: DUTIES OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Article 24.- Duties
These are duties of children and adolescents:
(a) Respect and obey their parents or those responsible for your care, provided that their orders do not infringe their rights, or contrary to the laws;
(b) Study effectively;
c) Take care, in the extent of its possibilities, to their ancestors in their sickness and old age;
d) Collaborate in the home, according to their age;
(e) Respect private and public property;
f) Conserve the environment;
g) Take care of your personal health;
h) Do not consume psychotropic substances;
(i) Respect the ideas and the rights of others, as well as the religious beliefs different from your own; and
j) Respect to the Country, its laws, symbols, and heroes.
CHAPTER V: WARRANTIES
Article 25.- Exercise of the rights and freedoms
The State guarantees the exercise of the rights and freedoms of the child and adolescent enshrined in the law, through the policy, the measures, and permanent actions and sustained referred to in this Code.
Article 26.- Dissemination of the rights contained in this Code
The Ministry of Promotion of Women and Human Development-PROMUDEH) promote, in the mass media, spaces for the dissemination of the rights of the child and the adolescent. For these purposes, you can sign up agreements of cooperation.
BOOK SECOND
NATIONAL SYSTEM OF COMPREHENSIVE CARE OF THE CHILD AND THE ADOLESCENT
CHAPTER I: SYSTEM AND NATIONAL GOVERNING BODY
Article 27.- Definition
The National System of Comprehensive Care of the Child and the Adolescent is the set of organs, entities, and public and private services that formulate, coordinate, supervise, evaluate, and execute the programs and actions developed for the protection and promotion of the rights of children and adolescents. The system works through a set articulated in agency activities, developed by public and private institutions.
Article 28.- Address of the System and Governing Body
The Ministry of Promotion of Women and Human Development-PROMUDEH) directs the system as a Governing Entity. The implementation of plans and programs, the application of measures of care that coordinates, as well as the research on guardianship and protection measures, is located in the administrative area.
The PROMUDEH has as the head of the system to a technician who specializes in children and adolescents.
Article 29.- Functions
EI Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations as the governing entity of the System:
(a) Formulates, approves and coordinates the implementation of policies aimed at the comprehensive care of children and adolescents.
(b) Dictates a standard of technical and administrative in nature and national general on the comprehensive care of the child and adolescent.
c) Start procedures for check out, familiar to children and adolescents, and apply the appropriate measures.
d) Directs and coordinates the National Policy of Adoptions through the National Secretariat of Adoptions and the venues desconcentradas at the regional level.
e) bring the records of the private agencies and community dedicated to the childhood and the adolescence.
f) Regulates the functioning of public bodies, private and community programmes and actions directed towards the child and adolescent, as well as monitors and evaluates the fulfillment of its purposes.
g) ensure compliance with the rules contained in the Convention on the Rights of the Child, in this Code and in the national legislation.
h) Channels to the competent authorities the facts that you know of that discards the assumption of a crime or offence committed in the tort of children and adolescents.
(i) All the rest that corresponds to him according to law.
Article 30.- Agency activities
The PROMUDEH will articulate and guide the agency activities of the National System of Comprehensive Care that is run through of the various private and public agencies.
Article 31.- Decentralization
Regional and local governments, shall establish, within their respective jurisdictions, entities techniques similar to the Governing Entity of the system, which will be responsible for the regulation, registration, and monitoring and evaluation of the actions carried out by the executive levels. The PROMUDEH will coordinate with these entities techniques of local and regional the performance of its functions.
CHAPTER II: POLICY AND PROGRAMS OF COMPREHENSIVE CARE OF THE CHILD AND THE ADOLESCENT
Article 32.- Policy
The policy for the promotion, protection and care of the child and the adolescent is the set of guidelines and guidelines of public character, dictated by the PROMUDEH, whose aim higher
Article 33.- Development programs
The politics of attention to the child and the adolescent will be oriented to develop:
(a) Prevention programs that ensure adequate conditions of life;
(b) Promoting programs that encourage their participation and that of your family and that will develop their potential;
c) Protection programs to ensure the timely attention when facing situations of risk;
d) Assistance programs to meet their needs when they are in especially difficult circumstances;
(e) Rehabilitation programs that enable your physical and mental recovery and that offer specialized care.
Article 34.- Conditions for the development of plans and programs
The plans, programs and actions will be developed taking into account the social and cultural situation of the child and adolescent, in accordance with the national policy dictated by the PROMUDEH.
Article 35.- Special programs
The PROMUDEH develop special programs for children and adolescents that present peculiar characteristics of his own person, or arising out of social events.
Article 36.- Programs for children and adolescents with disabilities
The child and adolescent disabled, temporarily or permanently, have the right to receive care assisted and permanent, under the responsibility of the Health Sector. Have the right to an education through an inclusive approach and reasonable adjustments, as well as occupational training and labour, under the responsibility of the Sectors of Education and Work.
The child and adolescent with disabilities declared judicially in a state of helplessness family you have the right to a care assisted standing under the responsibility of the Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations.
Article 37.- Programs for children and adolescents addicted to psychoactive substances
The child and the teenager addicted to psychoactive substances that produce dependence will receive specialized treatment of the Health Sector.
The PROMUDEH promotes and coordinates the programs of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of these children and adolescents between the public and private sectors.
Article 38.- Programs for children and teenagers who are abused or victims of sexual violence
The child or adolescent victims of physical abuse, psychological or sexual violence deserve that provide them with comprehensive care through programs that promote their physical and psychological recovery. The service is the responsibility of the Health Sector. These programmes should include all the family.
The State guarantees the respect of the rights of the victim in all the police and court procedures. The PROMUDEH promotes and establishes programs, preventive care and protection, public and private, aimed to prevent, respond to and reduce the effects of the violence directed against the child or the adolescent.
Article 39.- Programs for children and adolescents who are victims of armed violence or displaced.
The child and adolescent victims of armed violence and/or displaced from their place of origin will be attended by national programmes of specialized assistance. The PROMUDEH will convene for the execution of these programs to public and private bodies, both national and international competent in the matter.
Article 40.- Programs for children and teens who live and work in the street
The working children and adolescents will participate in targeted programs to ensure their educational process and their physical and psychological development.
Children and adolescents living in the street have the right to participate in programs of integrated care led to the eradication of begging and ensure their educational process, its development
The Ministry of Women and Social Development, in coordination with Local and Regional Governments, shall have charge of the promotion and implementation of these programmes, which are developed through a training process that includes the strengthening of its ties with the family, the school and the community.
Article 41.- Programs for children and adolescents who lack family or are in extreme poverty
The child and adolescent beneficiaries of programmes, when they have no family or are in a situation of extreme poverty, will be integrated to the welfare programs of the public or private bodies.
CHAPTER III: DEFENSE OF THE GIRL, BOY AND TEENAGER
Article 42.- Definition
The office of the Child and Adolescent is a free service, and specialized form part of the National System of Comprehensive Care. It works on local governments, public and private institutions and civil society organizations, and its purpose is to contribute to the exercise of the rights of children and adolescents for its comprehensive protection, acting according to the principles outlined in this Code and other applicable rules in your favor.
Article 43.- Administrative
43.1 The office of the Ombudsman of Girl, Child and Adolescent acts in the administrative bodies of the public and private institutions of care to children and adolescents. The MIMP, as the Central Authority, promotes, credit, leads, standard, coordinates, and oversees this service, as well as trains its members.
43.2 When the office of the Ombudsman of Girl, Child, and Teenager is in charge of a local government is called the Defensoría Municipal Girl, Boy and Teen – DEMUNA. The local government is in charge of their implementation, and sustainability, ensuring the conditions required for the performance of its functions.
43.3 In the case of the Defenders of the Girl, Boy and Teenager promoted by other public entities, private entities or organizations of civil society, they should provide the conditions necessary for the fulfilment of its functions.
Article 44.- Members of the Protectorate
The Defensoría Municipal of the Girl child, Toddler and Teen-DEMUNA is formed by professionals of various disciplines, recognized good moral character and qualified to perform the duties of the service. The Protectorate promoted by other institutions or organizations can count on professional or, when its possibilities are not permitted, must be built-at least for people in the community are properly trained and accredited for the exercise of their function.
The members of the Defenders can perform this service as an advocate responsible, advocate, promoter and/or support staff, and to do so, they must comply with the following conditions:
(a) To be over 18 years of age.
(b) Do not log in police records, court or criminal.
c) Not to be debtor/to food.
d) Having passed the training course for defenders.
Article 45.- Functions
45.1 Are functions of the Ombudsman:
(a) To promote or develop actions of prevention and care of situations of violation of rights of children and adolescents to assert your Interests and to contribute to the strengthening of the relationships with your family, and your environment, communal and social.
(b) Spread and report on the rights and duties of children and adolescents.
c) Make extrajudicial conciliation specialist without the need to set up Centers of Settlement, by issuing certificates that are enforceable in the field of food, tenure and visitation, provided that such materials have not been resolved by judicial instance.
d) To have the opening of accounts of appropriation of alimony is derived from the settlements that have been made.
(e) To promote the registration of births and apply in case of orphans or check out family, with knowledge of the competent authority.
f) Promote the achievement of the National Identity Document, coordinating with the National Registry of Identification and Civil Status – RENIEC and the Civil Registration Offices of the Municipalities.
g) To promote the voluntary recognition of children and adolescents, and for that purpose, are entitled to draw up minutes of commitments provided that one of the parents requests to do noted that voluntary recognition of parentage proceedings.
h) To communicate or condemn the alleged offenses, offenses or offenses against children and adolescents, to the competent authorities.
(i) To exercise the procedural representation in the processes for food and affiliation, as set out in the Code of Civil Procedure.
j) Inform the competent authorities of the risk situations or check out family that are known to you.
45.2 The DEMUNA have as additional features the following:
(a) Intervene as an instance technique in the management of disaster risk at the local level in the themes of childhood and adolescence, as well as in the Emergency Operation Centers.
(b) Act in the procedure due to the risk of unprotected family, according to the law on the matter.
c) Collaborate in the procedures of check out family at the request of the competent authority.
Article 46.- Work in local networks
Defenders of the Girl, a Child and Adolescent establish mechanisms of coordination and cooperation at the local level, with other entities, for the accomplishment of his purpose.
Article 47.- Employment regime
The regional government articulates and promotes actions with the local government to the strengthening of the DEMUNA, in accordance with the regulatory framework of the service.
CHAPTER IV: RULES FOR THE TEEN WORKER
Article 48.- Scope of application
The teenagers that work on shape-dependent or employed are covered by the present Code. It includes those who perform home work and those who work for their own account, or independently, as well as those who perform domestic work and unpaid family labour.
Excludes from its scope the work of trainees and practitioners, which is governed by its own laws.
Article 49.- Institutions responsible for the protection of the teen worker
The protection of the teen worker corresponds to the PROMUDEH in a coordinated and complementary manner with the Sectors of Work, Health and Education, as well as with the Regional Governments, and Municipal.
The PROMUDEH dictates the policy of care for adolescents that work.
Article 50.- Authorization and registration of the teen worker
Teens require work authorization, except in the case of the worker unpaid family.
The head of the family, in the case of the worker unpaid family, recorded the teenager, a worker at the city clerk's appropriate.
In the register shall be entered the particulars referred to in Article 53 of this Code.
Article 51.- Ages required to work in certain activities
The minimum ages required to authorize the work of the teens are the following:
1. For the case of working for others or that is provided in a relation of dependence:
(a) Fifteen years for agricultural non-industrial;
(b) Sixteen years to work for industrial, commercial or mining; and,
c) Seventeen years to work in the fishing industry.
2. For the case of the other modes work the minimum age is fourteen years of age. As an exception to this authorization shall be granted from the age of twelve, provided that the work performed will not harm their health or development, or interfere with or limit its assistance to schools and allow their participation in vocational orientation or training programmes, professional.
It is assumed that the teens are authorized by their parents or guardians to work when you live with them, unless expressed otherwise the same.
Article 52.- Competence to authorize the job of teen
They have jurisdiction to register, authorize and supervise the work of the teens that have ages listed in the preceding article:
(a) The Labor Sector, to work for others or that you provide to a relationship of dependence; and,
(b) The district municipalities and provincial within their jurisdictions, for domestic workers, for their own account or carried out independently and within its jurisdiction.
In all forms of work, the registration will be free.
Article 53.- Registration and data that must be record
The institutions responsible for authorizing the work of the teens will have a special register in which shall be stated the following:
(a) Full name of a teenager;
(b) The name of their parents, guardians or persons responsible;
c) Date of birth;
d) Address and place of residence;
f) Remuneration;
g) Hours of work;
h) School attended and hours of study; and
(i) Number of medical certificate.
Article 54.- Authorization
Are requirements for the granting of authorization to the work of adolescents:
(a) That the work will not disrupt the regular attendance at school;
(b) The medical certificate proving the physical, mental and emotional teen to perform the work. This certificate shall be issued free of charge for the medical services of the Health Sector or Social Security; and
c) No teenager is admitted to work without the proper authorization.
Article 55.- Medical examination
The adolescent workers are subjected periodically to medical examinations. For self-employed workers and domestic screenings will be free and will be the responsibility of the Health Sector.
Article 56.- Work day
The work of the teen between twelve and fourteen years shall not exceed four hours per day or twenty-four hours a week. The work of the adolescent, between the ages of fifteen and seventeen, shall not exceed six hours per day or thirty-six hours per week.
Article 57.- Night work
It is understood by night work, which was done between 19: 00 and 7: 00 hours. The Judge may exceptionally the night work of adolescents from the fifteenth up until the age of eighteen years, provided that it does not exceed four hours per day. Outside of this authorization is prohibited night work for teens.
Article 58.- Prohibited jobs
Prohibits the employment of adolescents in the subsoil, in tasks involving the manipulation of excessive weights or toxic substances, and activities in which your safety or the safety of other people is under your responsibility.
The PROMUDEH, in coordination with the Sector Work and consultation with the unions, labour and business, shall periodically establish a relationship of jobs and activities, or dangerous or detrimental to the physical health or moral of the teenagers in the that you should not ocupárseles.
Article 59.- Remuneration
The teen worker will not receive a paid lower salaries than other workers of the same category in similar jobs.
Article 60.- Book of the teen worker
The teenagers that work must be in possession of a book given by those who granted the authorization to work. This will include the information referred to in Article 53 of this Code.
Article 61.- Facilities and benefits for working adolescents
The employers that hire teens are forced to grant them facilities that make them compatible work with regular attendance at school.
The right to paid holidays paid shall be granted in the months of school holidays.
Article 62.- Registration of establishments that hire teens
Establishments that hire teens to work, they should keep a record containing the information referred to in Article 53 of this Code.
Article 63.- Domestic work or unpaid family labour
The teens who work in the domestic service or who perform unpaid family labour are entitled to an interval of twelve hours per day ongoing. Employers, employers, parents or relatives are in the obligation of providing them with all the facilities to ensure their regular attendance at school.
It is the specialized Judge to know the compliance of the provisions referring to the work of teenagers who performed in the home.
Article 64.- Social security
The teenagers that work under any of the modes covered by this Act have the right to the compulsory social security, at least in the regime of health benefits. It is the obligation of the employers, in the case of the employee and the domestic worker, and the head of the family, in the case of the worker unpaid family, to comply with these provisions.
Adolescents self-employed workers will be able to avail this benefit by paying only 10% of the quota to the worker of a relationship of dependent work.
Article 65.- Capacity
The adolescent workers can claim, without the need of proxy and before the competent authority, compliance with all the legal rules related to its economic activity.
Article 66.- Exercise of labour rights groups
Teens are able to exercise rights employment of a collective nature, may form part or form trade unions for the production unit, branch, office or work area. They may be members of organizations of higher grade.
Article 67.- Programs of city employment
The training programs for the employment promoted by the municipalities, in compliance with the Organic Law of Municipalities, have as their main beneficiaries of the adolescents registered in the respective municipality.
Article 68.- Training programs
The Labor Sector and the municipalities will create special programs for job training and vocational guidance for adolescents.
CHAPTER V: VIOLATIONS AND PENALTIES
Article 69.- Definition
Violations are all those actions or omissions that undermine the exercise of the rights of children and adolescents referred to in the law.
Article 70.- Competence and administrative responsibility
It is the competence and responsibility of the PROMUDEH, the Ombudsman's office of the Child and Adolescent and Local Governments, to monitor compliance and to apply the administrative sanctions of their competition when they are threatened or violated the rights of children and adolescents.
The responsible officials will be subject to fines and will be obligated to the payment of damages for the breach of these provisions, without prejudice to the criminal sanctions that may be required.
Article 71.- Intervention of the Public prosecutor
The Public Ministry, through the special Prosecutor and the Prosecutor of the Prevention of Crime, shall monitor the implementation of this Law.
Article 72.- Intervention court
The Judges are entitled to apply sanctions or prosecution, with the intervention of the representative of the Public Ministry.
Article 73.- Role of regional and local governments
Regional and Local Governments establish the additional rules that the Law requires, by means of provisions and administrative sanctions appropriate to the peculiarities and specificities of the children and adolescents of the region or locality.
BOOK THREE
FAMILY INSTITUTIONS
TITLE I: THE FAMILY AND THE ADULTS RESPONSIBLE FOR CHILDREN AND TEENS
CHAPTER I: PARENTAL RIGHTS
Article 74.- Rights and duties of parents
The duties and rights of parents to exercise Parental Authority:
(a) To ensure their holistic development;
(b) Provide support and education;
c) Direct your educational process and training for the job according to his vocation and skills;
d) Repealed
(e) Them to be in your company and appeal to the authority if necessary to retrieve them;
f) Represent them in the acts of civil life while not acquire the ability to exercise and civil liability;
g) To get help from them in response to their age and condition and without prejudice to its attention;
h) Manage and use their property, when they are holding; and
(i) In the case of products, will be provided in the Article 1004 of the Civil Code.
Article 75.- Suspension of Parental Authority
Parental Authority is suspended in the following cases:
(a) By the interdiction of the father or of the mother originated in causes of civil in nature;
(b) Due to the absence judicially declared to be the father or the mother;
c) To give orders, advice, or examples that are corrupted;
d) By allowing the loitering or devote them to beggary;
(e) By abusing them physically or mentally;
f) By refusing to provide them with food;
g) By the separation or divorce of parents, or for the invalidity of the marriage in accordance with the Articles 282 and 340 of the Civil Code.
h) For to have opened criminal proceedings to the father or to the mother for the crime in tort for their children, or to the prejudice of the same or of any of the offences referred to in articles 107, 108-B, 110, 121-B, 122, 122-B, 125, 148-A, 153, 153-A, 153-B, 153-D, 153-E, 153-F, 153-G, 153-H, 153-I, 153-J, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 176-A, 177, 179, 179-A, 180, 181, 181-A, 182-A, 183, 183 and 183-B of the Penal Code, or by any of the offences established in accordance with the Decree Law 25475, which sets out the penalty for the crimes of terrorism and the procedures for the investigation, the investigation and trial.
(i) Declaration of check-out, family-provisional of a child or adolescent.
Article 76.- Effect of Parental rights
In cases of separation and conventional divorce further, none of the parents stays suspended in the exercise of Parental Authority.
Article 77.- Extinction or loss of Parental Authority
Parental Authority is terminated or lost:
(a) Death of the parents or of the child;
(b) Because the teenager acquires the age of majority;
c) By judicial declaration of check out family;
d) For having been convicted of intentional crime committed in tort for their children or in prejudice of the same, or the commission of any of the offences provided for in articles 107, 108-B, 110, 121-B, 122, 122-B, 125, 148-A, 153, 153-A, 153-B, 153-D, 153-E, 153-F, 153-G, 153-H, 153-I, 153-J, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 176-A, 177, 179, 179-A, 180, 181, 181-A, 182-A, 183, 183 and 183-B of the Penal Code, or by any of the offences established in accordance with the Decree Law 25475, which sets out the penalty for the crimes of terrorism and the procedures for the investigation, the investigation and trial.
(e) For a relapse of the grounds listed in subsection (c), (d), (e) and (f) of Article 75; and,
f) By cesar the inability of the child, in accordance with Article 46 of the Civil Code.
Article 78.- Restoration of Parental rights
The parent who has been suspended the exercise of Parental Authority may request its return at the cessation of the cause that motivates it.
The specialized Judge should evaluate the suitability of the restoration of Parental rights on the grounds of the Principle of the best Interests of the Child and Adolescent.
Article 79.- Request for suspension or loss of Parental Authority
Parents, ascendants, brothers, officers, or any person having a legitimate interest may request the suspension or loss of Parental Authority.
Article 80.- Faculty of the Judge
The specialized Judge, in any state of the cause, put the child or adolescent in the power of any member of the family or person other than the person who meets the conditions of fitness, if necessary, with knowledge of the Public Ministry.
The Judge shall in the judgment of the board of food that you should go to the bound.
When the child or adolescent are personal property, the Judge shall proceed according to the rules contained in the Civil Code.
CHAPTER II: POSSESSION OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT
Article 81.- Shared tenure
When the parents are separated, in fact, the custody of children or adolescents is assumed by both parents, except that it is not possible or proves to be detrimental to the child.
Parents in mutual agreement and taken into account the views of the child or adolescent determine the shape of the shared tenure, if applicable, will be formalized with a settlement out of court.
There is a disagreement, the judge specialized duty to grant, as a first option, the shared tenure, teaching the necessary measures for their fulfillment, and may exceptionally provide for the tenure-exclusive to
one of the parents, while respecting at all times the best interests of the child and adolescent.
Article 82.- Variation of the Tenancy
When the holding shared or exclusive is determined by the conciliation settlement or judgment, may be varied with a new conciliation or by a new resolution of the same court.
For the variation of the tenure, the Judge will take into account the conduct of the father or mother who was in the care of the child or adolescent, has made the following behaviors:
to. Damage or destroy the image that the child has with the other parent, in the form of continuous, permanent, or systematic.
b. Do not allow unjustified the relationship between the children and the other parent.
c. You do not respect the agreements, judicial or reconciliations extrajudicial on the regime of visits to the children, girls and adolescents.
The Judge will order with the advice of the multidisciplinary team, this is done in a progressive manner that will not produce damage or disruption to the child or adolescent.
Only when the circumstances so warrant for being in danger the integrity of the child or teen of the Judge, by reasoned decision, order that the failure to comply immediately.
Article 83.- Request
The father or the mother that you want to determine the shape of the tenure shared or exclusive of judicial way, bring your demand accompanying the document that identifies you, the birth certificate and the relevant tests.
Within the process, you can apply for an interim measure of shared tenure or tenure-exclusive, in respect to the rights of the child and the family, the Judge must resolve within a maximum period of 30 calendar days of submission of the preliminary injunction.
Article 84.- Faculty of the judge
In case of having the shared tenure, the judge shall take into account the following:
to. The child should spend equal time with both parents;
b. Parents have equal rights to make decisions about education, upbringing, training and protection of the child;
c. The distance between the homes of the Parents does not restrict the shared tenure, but it is considered to define the shape.
d. The child has the right to share with the extended family, maternal and paternal.
e. The vacation of the child and parents.
f. Important dates in the life of the child; and
g. The age and opinion of the child.
In case of having tenure exclusive, the judge for the one who does not get the possession of the child or adolescent should point to a regime of tours-.
The form of shared tenure can be modified in function of the needs of the child.
Article 85.- Opinion
The specialized judge must listen to the child's opinion and taking into account the adolescent.
Article 86.- Modification of resolutions
The decision on Tenure may be modified by circumstances duly proven. The application shall be processed as a new action.
This action may be brought after the expiry of six months from the resolution original, except it is in danger the integrity of the child or adolescent.
Article 87.- Tenure provisional
You will be able to apply for the Tenure Provisional if the child is under three years and is in danger their physical integrity, should the Judge decide in the periods of twenty-four hours.
In other cases, the Judge will resolve taking into account the report of the Multidisciplinary Team, prior tax opinion.
This action should only be at the request of the father or the mother who does not have the son, under his custody.
Not applicable the application of Tenure Provisional as a precautionary measure and out-of-process.
CHAPTER III: REGIME OF VISITS
Article 88.- Visits
Parents who do not exercise Parental Authority have the right to visit their children, which should prove with sufficient evidence of compliance or the impossibility of the fulfillment of the obligation. If one of the parents has died, outside of the place of domicile or was unaware of their whereabouts, they will be able to apply the Regime of Visits relatives up to the fourth degree of consanguinity of that parent.
The Judge, respecting as far as possible the agreement of the parents, you will have a Visitation right to the Principle of the best Interests of the Child and Adolescent, and you can alter it according to the circumstances, in order to safeguard their well-being.
Article 89.- Visitation
The father or the mother who has been prevented or restricted from exercising the right to visit your child may file the claim corresponding to accompany the birth certificate that proves their inclusion.
If the case requires it, you may request an interim regime.
Article 90.- An extension of the Regime of Visits
The Visitation ordered by the court may be extended to relatives up to the fourth degree of consanguinity and second of affinity, as well as to third parties non-relatives when the best Interest of the Child or Adolescent's well justified.
Article 91.- Non-compliance of the Visitation
The failure of the Regime of Visits established in court will lead to the constraints of law, and in case of resistance may lead to the variation of Tenure. The variation application shall be processed as a new action to the Judge that he met for the first process.
CHAPTER IV: FOOD
Article 92.- Definition
It is considered food necessary for the sustenance, shelter, clothing, education, instruction and training for work, medical and psychological assistance and recreation of the child or adolescent. Also the costs of the pregnancy of the mother from conception stage through to postpartum.
Article 93.- Obliged to pay maintenance
It is the duty of parents to provide food to their children. Due to the absence of the parents or of the ignorance of his whereabouts, they provide food in the order of priority as follows:
1. The older brothers of age;
2. Grandparents;
3. The collateral relatives up to the third degree; and
4. Others responsible for the child or adolescent.
Article 94.- Subsistence of the obligation
The obligation of the parents continues in the event of suspension or loss of Parental Authority.
Article 95.- Reconciliation and assessment
The obligation may be prorated between the bound if it is in the Judge's opinion, those are materially unable to fulfil this obligation either individually.
In this case, the bound can agree on the apportionment by conciliation convened by the head. This will be made known to the Judge for approval.
The action of assessment can also be initiated by the creditors food, in case the payment of alimony is unenforceable.
Article 96.- Competition
The justice of the Peace Lawyer is competent to meet the demand in the processes of fixation, increase, reduction, termination or apportionment of food, without prejudice to the amount of the pension, the age or the test on the family bond, except that the pretension food intends to accesoriamente to other claims.
It will be also the jurisdiction of the justice of the Peace, at the option of the plaintiff, in respect of claims where the inclusion is accredited in an indubitable manner. When the road junction family is not credited in an indubitable manner the justice of the Peace can promote a settlement if both parties to level out your competition.
It is competent to understand these processes in second grade, the Family Judge, in the cases that have been known to the justice of the Peace Lawyer and the latter in the cases that have been known to the justice of the Peace.
Article 97.- Impairment
The defendant foods may not initiate a subsequent process of Tenure, except in duly justified
CHAPTER V: GUARDIANSHIP AND FAMILY COUNCIL
Article 98.- Rights and duties of the guardian
Are the rights and duties of guardian to those prescribed in this Code and the current legislation.
Article 99.- Challenge of the acts of the custodian
The teen may appeal to the Judge against the acts of his guardian, as well as to request the removal of the same.
Article 100.- Judge
The specialized Judge is competent to appoint a guardian and is responsible to periodically monitor the compliance of their work.
Article 101.- Family council
There will be Family Council to ensure the person and interests of the child or adolescent who does not have a father or a mother or disabled pursuant to the provisions of Article 619 of the Civil Code.
Article 102.- Involvement of the adolescent in the Family Council
The teen will participate in the meetings of the Family Council with voice and vote. The child will be heard with the restrictions of his own age.
Article 103.- Process
The handling of all matters concerning the Family Council is governed by the provisions of Article 634 of the Civil Code and as noted in this Code.
CHAPTER VI: FAMILY PLACEMENT
Article 104.- Repealed
Article 105.- Repealed
Article 106.- Repealed
Article 107.- Repealed
Article 108.- Repealed
CHAPTER VII: LICENSE TO DISPOSE OF OR ENCUMBER PROPERTY
Article 109.- Authorization
Those who manage assets for children or adolescents need court authorization to gravarlos or alienate them for justified reasons of necessity or utility, in accordance with the Civil Code.
Article 110.- Tests
The administrator shall submit to the Judge, together with the claim, the evidence to support the need or utility of the contract. Also, indicate the property that it intends to dispose of or encumber.
CHAPTER VIII: AUTHORIZATIONS
Article 111.- Attorney
For the trip of children or adolescents out of the country alone or accompanied by one of their parents, it is mandatory authorization of both parents with notary certification.
In the event of the death of one of the parents or of being recognized the son by one of them, just the consent of the surviving parent or the one that made the recognition, having noted on the permit of attorney to have had in view the death certificate or the birth corresponding.
In the event that the travel within the country shall be sufficient authorization of one of the parents.
Article 112.- Judicial
It is the competence of the specialized judge authorizing the trip of children or adolescents within the country when you have both parents, and out of the country due to the absence or dissent of one of them, for which the responsible party shall submit the documents justificatorios of the request.
In case of dissent of one of the parents or of no opposition to the trip, it will open the incident to the test and at the end of the two days will resolve the judge, after hearing the opinion of tax. The opposition made by one of the parents is recorded in the Book of the Opposition of Travel of the Specialized Courts, which expires at the year.
Article 112-A. - special Authorization of travel of minors
When one of the parents is registered in the Registry of Debtors Food Delinquent (REDAM) created by the Law 28970, or has been convicted with a final judgment for intentional crime committed in tort for their children or in prejudice of the same, without you have been disabled for the exercise of parental authority, the responsible party shall be made to the corresponding court this situation to the judge to decide on the maximum period of two days, the output of the child or adolescent to open without incident to test or request the opinion of the prosecutor, except in exceptional cases.
The course above is not applicable when the debtor food delinquent canceled, the total debt of food assistance.
CHAPTER IX: THE MARRIAGE OF ADOLESCENTS
Article 113.- Repealed
Article 114.- Repealed
TITLE II: ADOPTION
CHAPTER I: GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 115.- Concept
Adoption is a measure of protection to the child and the adolescent by which, under the surveillance of the State, is set irrevocably parent-child relationship between individuals who don't have it by nature. In consequence, the adopted acquires the quality of child of the adopter and leaves your consanguineous family.
Article 116.- Subsidiarity of the adoption by foreigners
The Adoption by foreigners is a subsidiary of the Adoption by national.
In case of attending requests of domestic and foreign, is the preferred application of the national.
Article 118.- Unexpected situations
If ocurrieren unforeseen circumstances that prevent the completion of the adoption process, the Office of Adoption shall take appropriate measures, taking into account the best Interests of the Child and Adolescent.
CHAPTER II: THE OWNER OF THE PROCESS
Article 119.- Owner of the process
The competent authority for adoptions, the Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations is the institution responsible for processing applications for the Adoption of children or adolescents declared at check-out, family and adoptability, with the exceptions outlined in Article 128 of this Code. Their powers are cannot be delegated, except as provided in the Law.
This authority has a Board of Adoptions, made up of eight members: three representatives of the Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations, through their competent authorities in the field of childhood and adolescence, promotion and strengthening of families, and adoption, who presides over it, a representative of the Ministry of Health, a representative of the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, a representative of the College of Psychologists of Peru, a representative of the bar Association of Lima and a representative of the Judiciary.
The designation of the members of the Council of Adoptions is ad honórem, has a period of two years and their specific functions are identified in the Regulations.
Article 120.- Repealed
CHAPTER III: ADOPTION PROGRAM
Article 121.- Repealed
Article 122.- Repealed
Article 123.- Repealed
Article 124.- Repealed
Article 125.- Repealed
Article 126.- Repealed
CHAPTER IV: ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE OF ADOPTION
Article 127.- Prior declaration of a state of helplessness, family and adoptability
The adoption of children or adolescents only comes once declared in the courts of the state of deprotection family and adoptability, except for the cases provided for in Article 128 of this Code.
CHAPTER V: LEGAL PROCESS ADOPTION
Article 128.- Exceptions
By way of exception, may initiate court action to adoption before the court specialized, the petitioners following:
(a) The possession bond of marriage with the father or mother of the child or adolescent to adopt. In this case the child or adolescent to maintain the ties of sonship with the father, mother or biological; and,
(b) The holder of kinship up to the fourth degree of consanguinity or second of affinity with the child or adolescent subject of adoption.
CHAPTER VI: SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL ADOPTIONS
Article 129.- Repealed
Article 130.- Repealed
CHAPTER VII: STAGE POSTADOPTIVA
Article 131.- Information of adopters national
Adopters peruvians must report on the development of the whole child or a teenager, semi-annually and for a period of three years to the Office of Adoptions or the institutions authorised by it.
Article 132.- Information of foreign adopters
The center or foreign institution that sponsored the adopters will be responsible for monitoring the status of the child and, in his case, the legalization of the Adoption in the country of the adoptive parents. To this effect, sent periodically, in accordance with the agreements signed, the respective reports addressed to the Office of Adoptions.
BOOK FOURTH
ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE SPECIALIZING IN CHILD AND ADOLESCENT
TITLE I :JURISDICTION AND VENUE
Article 133.- Jurisdiction
The jurisdictional power of the State in family law is exercised by the boards of the Family, the Family Courts and the justices of the Peace legal Counsel in matters that the Law determines. On Appeal, will solve the Supreme Court.
The Family Courts assume jurisdiction in civil matters, guardianship and violations, and are divided in such specializations, provided that there are Specialised Courts.
Article 134.- Rooms Family
The Rooms of the Family known to:
(a) At the appellate stage, the processes resolved by the Family court;
(b) Of the strife of competition promoted among Family Courts in the same judicial district, and between these and other courts of different specialty of its territorial jurisdiction;
c) The complaints of right by rejecting the appeal; and
d) Of the other matters referred to the law.
Article 135.- Competition
The competence of the specialized judge is determined:
(a) By the address of the parents or guardians;
(b) By the place where the child or adolescent when missing parents or guardians; and
c) By the place where they committed the infringing act or by the domicile of the adolescent offender, of their parents or guardians.
The law provides for the competence in the content areas of civil and protected.
In the event of connection, the competition in the areas of criminal content shall be determined under the rules contained in the Code of Criminal procedure.
CHAPTER I: FAMILY JUDGE
Article 136.- Director of the process
The Judge is the Director of the process; as such, it corresponds to the conduct, organization and development of the due process.
The Judge teaches orders to the Judicial Police to the citation, summons or arrest of the people. The services of the Multidisciplinary Team of the office, medical-legal, Police and any other institution for the clarification of the facts support of the courts.
Article 137.- Powers of the Judge
Corresponds to the Family Judge:
(a) Resolve processes in content areas of civil protection and violations, which involved according to their competence;
(b) Make use of the precautionary measures and coercive during the process and in its implementation stage, requiring the police support if needed;
c) Have the measures and socio – educational and protection in favour of the child or adolescent, as the case may be;
d) Refer to the Registration of the Adolescent Offender of the Superior Court, seat of the Court, a copy of the resolution that has the measure of the socio - educational;
(e) To apply penalties on violations of the rights of the child and adolescent. The penalty can be up to ten Units of a Reference Procedure; and
f) Comply with the other functions set forth in this Code and other laws.
The Judge is empowered to set the maintenance, within the same process, in cases of litigation of Custody, Possession and Visitation.
CHAPTER II: ATTORNEY FAMILY
Article 138.- Scope
The Prosecutor has the primary function to ensure the respect of the rights and guarantees of children and adolescents, promoting ex officio or at the request of a party to the legal action, judicial or extrajudicial appropriate.
Article 139.- Ownership
The Public Ministry is the holder of the share, and as such has the burden of proof in proceedings of the teen offender. In this case, you can request the support of the Police.
Article 140.- Scope of Competition
The territorial jurisdiction of the Tax is determined by the one that corresponds to the respective Courts and Halls of the Family. Their features are governed by the provisions of this Code, its Organic Law, and by special laws.
Article 141.- Opinion
The Opinion, in cases which it proceeds, is informed after actual testing and prior to issuance of a Judgment. Orders that formula must be motivated and presented in a single opportunity.
Article 142.- Invalidity
The lack of intervention of the Prosecutor in the cases provided for by the law carries a nullity, which will be declared ex officio or at the request of a party.
Article 143.- Free access
The Prosecutor, in the exercise of its powers, has free access to any place where it is alleged the violation of the rights of the child, or teenager, especially in the cases by risk, or check out family.
Article 144.- Competition
It is up to the Prosecutor of Family or Mixed:
(a) To grant the Remission as a form of exclusion from the process;
(b) Intervene, ex officio, and from the initial stage, in all kinds of police and court procedures in order to safeguard and protection of the rights of the child and adolescent.
It is mandatory the presence of the Police in the statements that are to act in cases of sexual violence against children or adolescents, under penalty of nullity and functional responsibility. In this last case, will direct the clinical evaluation and counselling of the victim by professional and specialised personnel, the conclusion of that assessment, will send to the Provincial Prosecutor of Criminal of-shift report, the act that contains the interrogation of the victim and the results of the evaluation.
During the statement of the victim may participate in any of the parents or the person who has guardianship of the minor, provided they were not reported. If the parents or the person who has guardianship of the minor could not participate, they may appoint a person to represent them;
c) To promote the procedures relating to breaches attributed to teenagers. In this case, it is up to the Prosecutor to investigate his involvement with the purpose of soliciting the extent socio-educational and necessary for their rehabilitation;
d) Promote the actions of food, if the case may be, pursuant to the provisions of this Code and the rules of procedure of the matter;
(e) To promote the civil action or administrative action for the protection of diffuse interests or groups of children and adolescents as provided for in this Code;
f) Inspect and visit public and private entities, community organizations, and the social organizations of base charge of providing comprehensive care to the child and adolescent and verify the fulfilment of its purposes;
g) Ask for the support of the public force, as well as the collaboration of the medical services, education, and public and private assistance, in the exercise of their functions;
h) Establish procedures that will be able to:
– Order notifications to request declarations for the proper establishment of the facts. In case of inconcurrencia of the notified, it may be required by the intervention of the police authority;
– Asking the authorities to all kinds of information, expertise, and documents that contribute to the clarification of the fact investigated;
– Request information and documents to private institutions, with the same purpose; and
(i) The other powers provided by the Act.
j) Act as a Mediator of conflict in family matters, in order to promote agreements between the parties, and to achieve the solution consensual conflict, always and when not yet commenced judicial process. You may not promote rights agreements are not available, indispensable, or on matters that have the connotation of a criminal.
k) Taking part in the procedures for risk or check out family to ensure the exercise of the rights of children and adolescents
Article 145.- Birth registration
If during the process verifies that the child or the teenager's lack of a birth certificate, corresponds to the special Prosecutor to request registration extra before the justice of the Peace Lawyer of his domicile, in accordance with the relevant legal standards. In such cases, the judicial procedure is free of charge.
This registration is only proof of the birth and the name.
The nature and effects of affiliation are governed by the rules of the Civil Code.
CHAPTER III: DEFENSE ATTORNEY
Article 146.- Lawyer
The State, through the Ministry of Justice, designates the number of counsel who will provide legal assistance, comprehensive, and free to children or teenagers who need it. In cases of sexual violence against children and adolescents, the free legal assistance to the aggrieved person and her family is mandatory.
Article 147.- Beneficiaries
The child, the adolescent, their parents or guardians, or any person having an interest or know of the violation of the rights of the child and adolescent can go to the lawyer to advise on the legal actions that must follow.
Article 148.- Absence
Any teenager who is assigned to an offence should be prosecuted without legal advice. The absence of the defender does not defer any act of the process, must Judge, in the case of absence, appoint provisionally a substitute between the lawyer or lawyers in the exercise.
CHAPTER IV: SUBSIDIARY BODIES
SECTION I: MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM
Article 149.- Conformation
The Multidisciplinary Team will be staffed by doctors, psychologists and social workers. Each Superior Court of Justice shall appoint the professionals of each area, which shall perform their functions in a mandatory way in every Court exercising jurisdiction in children and adolescents.
Article 150.- Powers
The powers of the Multidisciplinary Team:
(a) Issue the reports requested by the Judge or the Prosecutor;
(b) Keeping track of the measures and issue technical opinion, for the purposes of the assessment, as well as recommendations for the decision of the relevant measures; and
c) The other point to this Code.
SECTION II: SPECIALIZED POLICE
Article 151.- Definition
The specialized Police is in charge of auxiliary and cooperating with the competent bodies of the State in education, prevention, and protection of the child and the adolescent.
Article 152.- Organization
The specialized Police is organized at the national level and coordinates its actions with the PROMUDEH, and with the institutions duly authorized.
Article 153.- Requirements
The staff of the specialized Police, in addition to the requirements set out in their respective rules, you must:
(a) Have training in disciplines related to the right of the child and the adolescent, and family law;
(b) Being of good character; and
c) Have No record of judicial or disciplinary.
Article 154.- Training
The National Police coordinates with PROMUDEH, and with the institutions of family well-being duly authorized by it, the training of personnel that will perform the functions of the specialized Police.
Article 155.- Functions
Are functions of the specialized Police:
(a) Ensure compliance with the rules for the protection of children and adolescents given by the State institutions and the implementation of judicial decisions;
(b) Develop, in coordination with other entities, educational and recreational activities designed to achieve the integral formation of children and adolescents;
c) Control and prevent the entry and permanence of children and adolescents in public places or private that violate their moral or physical integrity;
d) To prevent the possession or marketing of written, audiovisual, images, pornographic material, and other publications that can affect the formation of children or adolescents;
(e) Monitor the displacement of children or adolescents within and outside the country, particularly in airports and transportation terminals;
f) Support programs, education and recreation to the institutions in charge of the surveillance of youth offenders;
g) When circumstances so require, in charge of the surveillance of adolescent offenders in specialized centres;
h) The other incumbent upon it in accordance with this Code, its Organic Law and other regulations.
SECTION III: POLICE SUPPORT TO THE JUSTICE
Article 156.- Definition
The Police support to justice in matters of children and adolescents is responsible for making notifications under the mandate of the judicial authority and the competent public Prosecutor and to cooperate with the measures issued by the Judge.
Article 157.- Functions
The functions are:
(a) Investigate cases of breach of the duties of family assistance;
(b) Made by judicial mandate in the research that will be requested;
c) Execute the orders of appearance, conduct, and adult detention ordered by the Judge, and the Rooms of the Family, as well as to make service of process; and
d) Cooperate with the Judge in the execution of its resolutions.
SECTION IV: MEDICAL LEGAL SERVICE OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT
Article 158.- Definition
In the Institute of Legal Medicine there is a special service and is free for children and adolescents, properly conditioned, rather than the adults.
The professional staff, and technical assistant to provide care in this service shall be appropriately trained.
SECTION V: RECORD OF THE ADOLESCENT OFFENDER
Article 159.- Definition
In a special register by the Superior Court, shall be recorded, on a confidential basis, the measures and socio-educational that may be imposed by the Judge to the adolescent offender. Shall be recorded in such log:
(a) The name of the teen offender, his / her parents or guardians;
(b) The name of the aggrieved;
c) The act of violation, and the date of their commission;
d) Measures socio-educational imposed with date display; and
(e) The name of the Court Clerk and file number.
TITLE II: ACTIVITY PROCEDURE
CHAPTER I: THE MATERIALS OF CONTENTS CIVIL
Article 160.- Processes
Corresponds to the specialized Judge the knowledge of the following processes:
(a) Suspension, loss, or restoration of Parental Authority;
(b) Tenure;
c) Visitation;
d) Adoption;
(e) Food; and
f) Protection of diffuse interests and individual concern to the child and the adolescent.
Article 161.- Single Process
The specialized Judge, to resolve, taking into account the provisions of the Unique Process set out in Chapter II of Title II of Book four of this Code and, on a supplementary basis, the rules of the Code of Civil Procedure.
Article 162.- Processes non-contentious
Corresponds to the specialized Judge to resolve the following processes are non-contentious:
(a) Guardianship;
(b) Family council;
c) License to dispose or to compel their property;
d) Authorizations;
(e) Others point to the law.
Article 163.- Other processes are non-contentious
The processes do not contentious that do not have a special procedure referred to in this Code are governed by the rules of the Code of Civil Procedure.
CHAPTER II: SINGLE PROCESS
Article 164.- Application Process
The demand must comply with the requirements and annexes provided in sections 424 and 425 of the Code of Civil Procedure. It is not required the contest of lawyers to cases of food. For your presentation you have in mind the provisions of the Fourth Section of the First Book of the Code of Civil Procedure.
Article 164-A. - Application of the process of food
The demand for food is presented in writing through the Table of Parts on physical or virtual using the Table of Parts Electronics. Alternatively, the application may be submitted by means of forms, physical or electronic.
The claimant should seek to specify if the respondent is an employee or independent, mentioning the name of the place where the defendant works or performs its work. The non-provision of this information does not determine, in any case, the inadmissibility or the irrelevance of the demand.
In addition, the demand for the food processing are accurate, optionally, the e-mail and cell phone number of both the plaintiff and the defendant.
Article 165.- Inadmissibility or impropriety
Received the claim, the Judge qualifies and may declare inadmissible or out of order, in accordance with what is established in articles 426 and 427 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
In the process of food, if the Judge warns omission or defect remedied, declares the admission of the claim, awarding the plaintiff a maximum term not to exceed the date of completion of the hearing only to the corresponding remedies. Is not submitted, the applicant's birth certificate attesting to the inclusion of family, the Judge, upon verification of the Tab RENIEC, request a certified copy of the birth certificate from the National Registry of Identification and Civil Status (RENIEC) or the municipality concerned.
Article 166.- Modification and expansion of the demand
The plaintiff may modify and expand your demand before it is notified.
Article 167.- Evidence extemporaneous
After made the demand, they can only be offered the evidence of later date, referring to new facts and those identified by the other party in its answer to the complaint.
Article 167-A. - Content of the self admisorio to the demand for food
The car admisorio must contain:
(a) The requirement of the plaintiff to remedy the demand for food, to be the case.
(b) The warning is declared the rebellion of the defendant and to continue the process, in case of breach of the provisions of article 565 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
c) Date and time for the realization of the unique audience, the same shall not be later than ten (10) days of notification of the complaint to the parties.
d) In addition to what is established in article 564 of the Code of Civil Procedure, the term inimpugnable of the Judge requiring ex officio the evidence that need to be performed in the unique audience.
(e) Mandate inimpugnable of the Judge requiring ex officio to the employer of the respondent information that will allow him to know the ability of the obliged person.
f) The precautionary measure of allocation in advance of food to please the child or teen creditor, in application of the provisions of article 675 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
g) Other measures necessary to ensure the proper exercise of the right of defence of the parties and the proper weighting of the principle of the best interests of the child. For this purpose, the Judge may request the assistance of the public defender of the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights as and when required by the plaintiff.
The legal specialist notifies the auto admisorio to the parties in the actual address and through the box-mail address and, if applicable, by e-mail or applications of instant messaging services for mobile devices.
Article 168.- Transfer of the claim
Admitted the claim, the Judge will be offered the means of proof, and run transfer it to the defendant, with knowledge of the Prosecutor, by the term imperative of five (5) days for the respondent to answer.
In the process of food, the Judge does not support the answer to the complaint if the defendant does not comply with paragraph (b) of article 167-To and executes the warning, continuing with the process.
In this process, the demand is not brought to the knowledge of the Prosecutor, except that promoted the action of food.
Article 169.- Studded or opposition
The studded or oppositions that are made must be documented with evidence and acted during the hearing only.
Article 170.- Audience
Answered the demand, or after the term of your answer, the Judge will set a date to for the audience. This should be carried out under the responsibility, within ten days following receipt of the demand, with the intervention of the Prosecutor.
In the processes of family violence, there is no conciliation hearing.
Article 170-A. - unique Audience
In the processes of food, the unique audience is governed by the following rules:
(a) The Judge may conduct the hearing only face-to-face or virtual, with the emphasis in all cases, the validity of the principles of orality, concentration, speed and procedural economy.
(b) The Judge declares the inadmissibility of the answer to the complaint when it did not comply with the requirements requested in the car admisorio. You can order the defendant to remedy the omissions noted in a term not to exceed the date of completion of the hearing only and in case of not doing it, declared their rebellion and continues with the process.
c) Without prejudice to the prior transfer to the procedural part to the contrary, in case of doubt with regard to the production, admission, conducencia or efficacy of the means test, the principle favor probationem.
d) If the respondent does not attend the hearing only, despite having been duly served, the Judge issues a judgment in the same action in response to the test performed.
(e) If none of the parties attending the hearing only, and there are evidence enough to solve, the Judge issues a judgment in application of the principle of the best interests of the child.
f) The court may reschedule the hearing for the only time in case of not having the means of proof, in a term not to exceed ten (10) days.
g) The Judge softens the principles of congruence and estoppel respecting the right to due process.
Article 171.- Action
Initiated the audience can promote studs, exceptions or defenses prior to be acquitted by the plaintiff.
Afterwards, you will act the means of proof. Not permitted counterclaim.
After its performance, if the Judge finds unfounded exceptions or defenses prior, declare healing process and then invokes the parties to resolve the situation of the child or adolescent conciliatoriamente.
If there is reconciliation, and it does not harm the interests of the child or adolescent will be noted in the minutes. It will have the same effect of a judgment.
If, during the hearing the respondent to accept the paternity, the Judge shall be recognized to the child. To this effect be sent to the applicable Municipality, a certified copy of the piece judicial respective, ordering the registration of the recognition in the respective departure, without prejudice to the continuation of the process. If the defendant does not attend the hearing only, despite having been located validly, the Judge must sentence in the same act according to the test performed.
Article 172.- Continuation of the hearing of evidence
If it could not conclude the action of the evidence at the hearing will be continued on successive days, not to exceed three days, at the same time and without the need of a new notification.
Article 173.- Resolution approval
In the absence of conciliation and, if produced, and at the discretion of the court affect the interests of the child or adolescent shall fix the issues in dispute and determine who will be a matter of proof.
The Judge may reject any evidence which it deems unacceptable, irrelevant or useless and you will have performance issues about this decision may arise, resolviéndolas in the act. You should also listen to the child or teen.
Performed the evidence, the parties have five minutes at the same hearing to express his oral arguments.
Granted the allegations, if any, the Judge will refer the case to the Prosecutor for the term of forty-eight hours to issue an opinion. Returned the car, the Judge, in the same term, be issued a judgment ruling on all the disputed points.
Article 173-A. - Judgment and appeal in the food process
Completion of the pleadings of the parties or their counsel during the hearing only, the Judge issues a sentence orally, either in its operative part, or integral, depending on the load procedure or the complexity of the case. When you issue the operative part, the Judge, within three (3) business days, notify in writing to the parties the full amount of the judgment.
In case of doubt in respect of the economic possibilities of the obligation to provide food, the Judge resolved by applying the principle please minoris or principle pro-fed, taking into consideration that which is stated in the articles 481 and 482 of the Civil Code and in paragraph 6 of article 648 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
Issued the judgment, the Judge ordered that practice the settlement of pension accrued.
When a judgment is issued during the hearing only, the Judge asks the parties of their conformity, in the case of positive states consented to the judgment.
The parties may file the appeal orally during the hearing only. You are granted three (3) days for the exposure of grievances, computed from served the full sentence. The auxiliary court to lift full copy of the record and annexes in the time limit set out in article 179 of this Code.
Article 174.- Performance tests ex officio
The Judge may, in the decision appealed, in any state in the process, sort of ex officio the action of the evidence that it considers necessary, by resolution duly substantiated.
Article 175.- Computer technical, report, social, and psychological assessment
After you have answered the claim, the Judge, to better resolve, may apply to the technical team, a social report in respect of the parties involved, and a psychological evaluation if deemed necessary. The charge of making the report, the social and the psychological evaluation must evacuate your report within the third day, under the responsibility.
Article 176.- Precautionary measures
The precautionary measures in favor of the child and adolescent are governed by the provisions of this Code and in the Title Fourth of the Fifth Section of the First Book of the Code of Civil Procedure.
Article 177.- Temporary measures
In a resolution duly justified, the Judge shall establish the measures necessary to protect the rights of the child and adolescent.
The Judge shall take the necessary measures for the immediate cessation of acts that produce physical or psychological violence, intimidation or persecution a child or teen.
The Judge is authorized in these cases even have a search of the residence.
Article 178.- Appeal
The resolution, which declares inadmissible or irrelevant to the lawsuit, and the ruling is subject to appeal with suspensive effect, within three days of the notification.
The decisions taken by the Judge during the hearing may be appealed, without suspensive effect, and have the quality of deferred.
In the process of food, the judgment is appealable without suspensive effect.
Article 178-A. - Judgment of the second instance is in the process of food
The court of appeal issued a judgment in the event of the view of the cause and oraliza its operative part. If the case is complex, communicated to the parties shall be given the appropriate sentence within three (3) days.
Article 179.- The process of the appeal with suspensive effect
Granted the appeal, the assistant court, under the responsibility, it will send the file to the board of Family within the second day of granted the appeal, and the accession in your case.
Received the car, the Room will on the day the Prosecutor to issue an opinion in the term of forty-eight hours, and shall designate, within the five days following, the date for the hearing of the cause.
Only in exceptional cases, the parties may allege new facts, which have occurred after the postulatorio. The Room will resolve within three days to the view of the cause.
Article 180.- Protection of individual interests, diffuse and collective
The actions for the defence of the rights of children and adolescents having the character of a diffuse, whether individual or collective, are processed by the rules laid down in this Chapter. They can demand action to protect these rights, the parents, the leaders, the Public prosecutor, the Defender, the Professional Associations, Educational institutions, Municipalities, Regional Governments and associations that are your protection.
Article 181.- Warnings
For the due fulfillment of its resolutions, the Judge may impose the following fines:
(a) Fine of up to five units of a reference procedure to the party, authority, official or person;
(b) A search of the place; and
c) Detention for up to twenty-four hours to those who resist its mandate, without prejudice to the criminal action to which it is entitled.
Article 182.- Regulation extra
All the issues linked to the processes in content areas civil involving children and adolescents, referred to in this Code, shall be governed supplemented by the provisions of the Civil Code and in the Code of Civil Procedure.
CHAPTER III: TEENAGE VIOLATOR OF THE CRIMINAL LAW
Repealed
Section I: General
Article 183.- Repealed
Article 184.- Repealed
Section II: individual Rights
Article 185.- Repealed
Article 186.- Repealed
Article 187.- Repealed
Article 188.- Repealed
Section III: process Guarantees
Article 189.- Repealed
Article 190.- Repealed
Article 191.- Repealed
Article 192.- Repealed
CHAPTER IV: GANGS PERNICIOUS
Repealed
Article 193.- Repealed
Article 194.- Repealed
Article 195.- Repealed
Article 196.- Repealed
Article 197.- Repealed
Article 198.- Repealed
Article 199.- Repealed
CHAPTER V: INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION
Repealed
Article 200.- Repealed
Article 201.- Repealed
Article 202.- Repealed
Article 203.- Repealed
Article 204.- Repealed
Article 205.- Repealed
Article 206.- Repealed
Article 207.- Repealed
Article 208.- Repealed
Article 209.- Repealed
Article 210.- Repealed
Article 211.- Repealed
Article 212.- Repealed
Article 213.- Repealed
Article 214.- Repealed
Article 215.- Repealed
Article 216.- Repealed
Article 217.- Repealed
Article 218.- Repealed
Article 219.- Repealed
Article 220.- Repealed
Article 221.- Repealed
Article 222.- Repealed
CHAPTER VI: REFERRAL PROCESS
Repealed
Article 223.- Repealed
Article 224.- Repealed
Article 225.- Repealed
Article 226.- Repealed
Article 227.- Repealed
Article 228.- Repealed
CHAPTER VII: PENALTIES TO ADOLESCENT CRIMINAL OFFENDERS
Repealed
Article 229.- Repealed
Article 230.- Repealed
Article 231.- Repealed
Article 231-A. - Repealed
Article 231-B. - Repealed
Article 231-C. - Repealed
Article 231-D - Repealed
Article 232.- Repealed
Article 233.- Repealed
Article 234.- Repealed
Article 235.- Repealed
Article 236.- Repealed
Article 237.- Repealed
Article 238.- Repealed
Article 239.- Repealed
Article 240.- Repealed
Article 241.- Repealed
CHAPTER VII-A: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SANCTIONS
Repealed
Article 241-A. - Repealed
Article 241-B. - Repealed
Article 241-C. - Repealed
Article 241-D. - Repealed
Article 241-E. - Repealed
Article 241-F. - Repealed
CHAPTER VIII: PROTECTIVE MEASURES FOR THE CHILD WHO COMMITS A VIOLATION OF THE CRIMINAL LAW
Article 242.- Protection
The child who commits a violation of the criminal law corresponds to the measures of protection. The specialized judge will be able to apply any of the following measures:
(a) The care in the home, which will be directed at the parents, or responsible for the performance of their obligations, with support and follow-up time for Defense Institutions;
(b) Participation in a program official or community Defense, with education, health and social development;
c) Incorporation into a foster family or family placement; and
d) Comprehensive care in an establishment of special protection.
CHAPTER IX: PROTECTION MEASURES FOR THE CHILD AND ADOLESCENT IN ALLEGED STATE OF ABANDONMENT
Article 243.- Repealed
Article 244.- Repealed
Article 245.- Repealed
Article 246.- Repealed
Article 247.- Repealed
CHAPTER X: THE JUDICIAL DECLARATION OF THE STATE OF ABANDONMENT
Article 248.- Repealed
Article 249.- Repealed
Article 250.- Repealed
Article 251.- Repealed
Article 252.- Repealed
SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS
First.- Deróganse the Code of Children and Adolescents, approved by Decree-Law No. 26102 and its amendments, the Supreme Decree No. 004-99-JUS and all the legal rules that contradict this Code.
Second.- For the purposes of notifications sent from the provinces will take into account the box in terms of the distance, in accordance with Law.
Contact the President of the Republic for promulgation.
In Lima, on the twenty-one days in the month of July two thousand.
MARTHA HILDEBRANDT PÉREZ TREVIÑO
President of the Congress of the Republic
RICARDO MARCENARO FRERS
First Vice-president of the Congress of the Republic
THE LORD CONSTITUTIONAL PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC
THEREFORE:
Command post and stick to it.
Given in the House of Government, in Lima, to the two days of the month of August in the year two thousand.
ALBERTO FUJIMORI FUJIMORI
Constitutional president of the Republic
ALBERTO BUSTAMANTE BELAUNDE
Minister of Justice
LUISA MARÍA CUCULIZA TORRE
Minister of Promotion of Women and Human Development
ING 
ESP